Quotations
You have to make an in-text-citation that states the author's last name, the publication year (and the page number). These references can be checked in the bibliography/reference list at the end of your report.
See also: Bibliography
In general, use direct quotations only if you have a good reason to. Most of your paper should be in your own words.
In research papers, you should quote from a source
You should summarize or paraphrase when
A quote must not be too long. You use a quote to reinforce your own arguments or to stress counter-arguments. Your report should not consist of quotations only, nor should you include quotations that are a few paragraphs long. Do you doubt the length of a quote? Then ask your teacher for advice.
Example in APA style:
As stated by Cormac McCarthy in his novel The Road: "You forget what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to forget" (2006, p. 12).
Example in Vancouver style:
Economic barriers to adequate prenatal care were found to be higher for some ethnic groups in Smith’s study ¹.
Paraphrasing
You have to make an in-text-citation that states the author's last name, the publication year. You may have to mention the page number, it is not obligatory. These references can be checked in the bibliography/reference list at the end of your report.
See also: Bibliography
Summarizing is the tool in writing which is used when you need the main idea of the text. It is a condensed form of the written text in your own words with only the highlights of the text. A summary is much shorter than the original text. It excludes the explanation of the text. Only the main idea or the basic information is included.
In the case of summarizing, referencing is compulsory!
Original source
Reference in APA:
Solomon, B. C., & Vazire, S. (2014). You are so beautiful... to me: Seeing beyond biases and achieving accuracy in romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(3), 516–528.
Paraphrasing in APA:
Solomon and Vazire (2014) found that “romantic partners maintain both biased and realistic views of a core relationship trait: physical attractiveness” (p. 524).
Reference in Vancouver:
1. Solomon BC, Vazire S. You are so beautiful... to me: seeing beyond biases and achieving accuracy in romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2014;107(3):516-28.
Paraphrasing in Vancouver:
Solomon and Vazire¹ found that “romantic partners maintain both biased and realistic views of a core relationship trait: physical attractiveness”.